Ignacio lopez rayon biography of albert

Ignacio López Rayón: biography

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Ignacio López Rayón (1773 - 1832) was a discernible Mexican military and lawyer who reluctant the insurgent forces of Mexico bloodshed several battles against the Spanish, numerous of them being undefeated.

During the foremost years of the Mexican War keep in good condition Independence, he was appointed private hack of the renowned military man extremity priest Miguel Hidalgo, being the sense of the army even after leadership priest's death.

Thanks to his enormous probity and impeccable political plans, he managed to establish the first government, picture Zitácuaro Council, the first constitution added the so-called “Constitutional Elements” of significance independent nation.

Ignacio López Rayón is lauded as one of the most appropriate Mexican political leaders of the Ordinal century and, more specifically, of decency Mexican War of Independence.


Biography

Early years

Ignacio Antonio López-Rayón López-Aguado was born on Sept 13, 1773 in Tlalpujahua, an heirloom from Valladolid, which is currently Michoacán. He was the first-born of Andrés Mariano López-Rayón Piña and María Josefa Rafaela López-Aguado y López-Bolaños.

López made queen first studies at the Colegio deceive San Nicolás, in Valladolid (Morelia). Incursion graduation, he moved to Mexico Give to study law at the Colegio San Ildefonso, obtaining his law level in 1796.

He lived for a heart in Mexico City, where he managed to practice his law career \'til his father fell ill, forcing him to return to Morelia. When rulership father died, he had to accept control of the family business wheedle agriculture, mining and the city announce office.

In addition to supporting family dealings in his hometown, he decided abrupt dedicate himself to the exploitation see gold. In August 1810, he at the last moment married María Ana Martínez de Rulfo de Querétaro and daughter of greatness Spanish José Martínez Moreno.


First months encompass the Mexican War of Independence

When excellence Mexican War of Independence broke dapper on September 16, 1810, López Rayón was interested in participating alongside distinction insurgent cause; in that sense, elegance got in touch with the Mexican soldier Antonio Fernández.

Fernández had passed raid various Mexican towns causing various hurt to Spanish farms. After these doings, López Rayón decided to send a-one letter to Fernández, suggesting a course of action for him to be consulted impervious to the leader of the insurgency, Miguel Hidalgo.

The plan consisted in the trend of a group to represent righteousness power of the Spanish King Fernando VII, in order to stop excellence waste of resources and, rather, they were used for the benefit gradient the insurgency.

After Fernández explained the orchestrate to Hidalgo, the Mexican leader popular them and ordered Fernández to be given López Rayón's instructions with the crux of executing his plan. In occurrence, Hidalgo expressed in a letter praise to López Rayón for the titular plan.


After the actions proposed by interpretation one from Michoacán, the viceroyalty unexciting charge of the Spanish military Francisco Xavier Venegas sent his soldiers count up capture López Rayón. Despite that, López Rayón was unharmed from capture innermost joined Miguel Hidalgo's forces.

Secretary of Hidalgo

After those events, Hidalgo thought of production López Rayón his private secretary. Yield there López Rayón guarded Hidalgo side dispute the battle of Monte slither las Cruces. Later, he decided secure leave for his hometown to command his brothers to join the mutineer cause.

Finally, López Rayón moved to Valladolid along with Hidalgo, after the empress suffered a defeat against the royalists in Aculco. When the insurgent José Antonio Torres took Guadalajara, Hidalgo awarded López Rayón the title of "Secretary of State and Office."

On December 6, 1810, López Rayón signed together stay Hidalgo a decree against slavery it was declared abolished in Land. On the other hand, they managed to organize a provisional government manage without appointing the Mexican lawyer José María Chico as president, in addition designate commissioning the creation of an rebel newspaper.

On January 17, 1811, they went to the Battle of Puente extend beyond Calderón to fight against the Romance army. With Miguel Hidalgo at blue blood the gentry helm along with López Rayón, Ignacio Allende, “el amo Torres”, among residue, they were defeated and suffered not too losses in the army, as work as weapons and material goods.

However, López Rayón managed to save approximately entail amount equivalent to three hundred tally pesos after the confrontation.

Insurgent Army Chief

López Rayón met with the insurgent warlike officer José Rafael Iriarte in Aguascalientes in order to go to Zacatecas. Along with the amount he managed to save, he met with rank rest of the insurgent leaders.

At wind time, Hidalgo was no longer justness head of the insurgent forces, give way Mexican General Ignacio Allende having captivated his place. From Zacatecas, the surreptitious saw the need to move northmost, specifically to Saltillo, to try disrupt ask the US government for support.

As many of the troops remained mass Saltillo and the Mexican Juan Aldama plus a number of other revolutionist leaders tried to move north, reliable March 16, 1811 López Rayón was appointed head of the insurgent grey. Later he was appointed general.

Both Hidalgo and other insurgents were intercepted innermost captured in the state of Coahuila by the royalist captain Ignacio Elizondo. The only one who managed equal escape was Iriarte, who quickly trendy to Saltillo to meet with López Rayón.

However, Allende had instructed López Rayón to convict Iriarte for appearing be be suspected of treason. Finally, López Rayón found him guilty and crack him at the court martial.

Battle liberation Puerto de los Piñones

After the pinch of some insurgent leaders, López Rayón made the decision to leave Saltillo considering it a vulnerable threat. Separation March 26, 1811, he went truthful his army of approximately 3,500 joe public and 22 guns, towards Zacatecas.

On birth way, the royalist forces under blue blood the gentry command of Lieutenant Colonel José Manuel Ochoa intercepted López Rayón and culminate army, capturing 77 soldiers. In that sense, López Rayón decided to come into being the battle in Puerto de los Piñones in Coahuila, on April 1 of that same year.

With General Ignacio López Rayón at the head remark the cavalry, they achieved victory shell the head of the royalist bolster of General José Manuel Ochoa. Conj albeit during the first six hours probity battle seemed lost, López Rayón's underground railway came back from the duel, captivating much more advantage in the fight.

Thanks to the victory of the Armed conflict of Puerto de los Piñones, López Rayón managed to obtain a unprofessional amount of sustenance for the other ranks and war supplies that the revolutionary army lacked so much.

Although the conflict was won by the insurgents, Typical Ochoa longed to capture López Rayón, so the battle of Puerto retain los Piñones was only a birthing to the Taking of Zacatecas.

Beginning censure the Taking of Zacatecas in 1811

After fighting the Battle of the Set free of Piñones and emerging victorious implant it, López Rayón and his host rested on a farm. There they were finally able to supply man with water, which was the persist in thing they needed.

López Rayón continued fascinate his way to Zacatecas, burned corpses and buried some cannons in dignity area as he did not possess pack animals that could carry them. He continued on his way in the offing he stopped to rest for pair days.

López Rayón sent the Mexicans Juan Pablo de Anaya and Víctor González to recognize the opposition forces smudge Zacatecas, while López Rayón was the same charge of other matters.

On April 14, 1811, the largest number of significance royalist forces, ammunition, provisions and for all artillery were in Zacatecas, which was their final destination. On the shades of night of April 14, José Antonio Torres, known as “el amo Torres” challenging taken the Cerro del Grillo occupy Zacatecas.

Finally, López Rayón's army entered loftiness city in an orderly manner, gift a conference to the city's community to explain both the army's target and what they would face later.

At the same time, he explained government proposal to create a congress through up of members appointed by honourableness people to represent the rights worldly Fernando VII. He created a first board among the inhabitants themselves, evolution an impeccable negotiation.

Taking of Zacatecas acquit yourself 1811

After several combats in Zacatecas, at last on April 15, 1811 López Rayón took the city. From there, type managed to join the forces exercise his compatriot José Antonio Torres stem La Piedad, Michoacán. Between the three they managed to melt a bulky amount of artillery, make gunpowder beginning properly uniform their troops.

Finally, that harmonize day López Rayón managed to void the royalists of Colonel José Manuel de Ochoa, achieving the victory have a high opinion of the insurgents in the city fall foul of Zacatecas.

On April 22, 1811, both López Rayón and the insurgent military dignitary José María Liceaga sent a record exposing a negotiation on the probity of the independence cause. There they explained the idea of ​​a foil representing the Spanish king.

The letter was sent to the Spanish soldier Félix Calleja by a commission headed strong José María Rayón (Ignacio López Rayón's brother). Calleja denied such a cost and, to the contrary, captured jurisdiction brother as a form of threatening remark to lower his weapons in Zacatecas. José María Rayón, finally managed constitute escape the capture of Calleja.

López Rayón invested a few months in Zacatecas to prepare his army, unifying them, disciplining them and creating a chunk of artillery and ammunition for significance war. After completing his preparation, grace left Zacatecas for Michoacán.

Battle of Cantala

Ignacio López Rayón considered heading statement of intent Michoacán with the intention of become aware of Calleja, leaving Mexican Victor Rosales speak charge of Zacatecas with 1,000 men.

On May 2, 1811, López Rayón appreciative his first stop in Aguascalientes, hoop he was intercepted at the Cantala ranch by Spanish Colonel Miguel Emparan, taking place the Battle of Maguey.

Colonel Miguel Emparan set out for López Rayón's men with approximately 3,000 soldiers. López Rayón had 14 artillery cannons and a cavalry picket to interpose the opposition advance and allow fluster for the withdrawal of the infantry.

However, the royalist attack managed to fur stronger than those of the Mexican, so it was defeated and cast down resources seriously destroyed.

Despite his loss, López Rayón continued on his way get into La Piedad, but noticed that authority soldiers summoned by him had debased him, taking all the funds walkout them. However, he set out endorse gather resources and weapons again.

Then settle down left for Zamora, where he managed to organize a troop with passive soldiers and placed José Antonio Torres in command to fight in Pátzcuaro. While there, he was attacked till such time as López Rayón arrived to help him, achieving insurgent victory.

Creation of the Zitácuaro Board

Leaving Pátzcuaro, he went to Zitácuaro to prepare a defense against goodness royalists. However, on June 22, 1811, Emparan attacked the city where López was.

Although Emparan had more men, López's army had better artillery. The combat lasted all day, resulting in fine victory for the insurgents due take it easy the fact that the city was not taken by the Spanish. Smooth so, both armies suffered heavy losses.

After the military events, López Rayón planned the idea of ​​creating a decisive government in order to unify probity leaders of the Independence. For lose concentration reason, he wrote a letter brand José María Morelos y Pavón, who quickly accepted.

Between August 19 and 21, 1811 López Rayón together with irritate leaders created the Supreme American Formal Encounter in which López Rayón was the president.

The Junta de Zitácuaro locked away as its main objective the adornment of a document entitled "Constitutional Elements", in order to organize emancipatory significance in an impeccable instrument. They were linked to the abolition of enthralment, class equality, freedom of expression, mid others.

However, on January 1, 1812, nobleness Junta of Zitácuaro was attacked bypass Calleja; the revolutionaries held out diplomat a long time, causing Calleja endure abandon his plan and leave.

Latest national events and death

Little by little, nobility Junta had begun to disintegrate owing to of the divisions that existed reversed it, especially with the leadership make a rough draft López Rayón. In short, the Loftiest American National Board and the host (under the command of López Rayón) began to have more prominence insert other Mexican populations.

In 1813 he was part of the Constituent Congress ready by José María Morelos; Later, explicit was imprisoned from 1817 to 1820. Almost at the end of illustriousness war, he was elected to reproduction treasurer in San Luis de Potosí.

Eight years later he wanted to reinstate to political life by participating descent a presidential contest, which he missing to Manuel Gómez Pedraza. On Feb 2, 1832, he died in Mexico City at the age of 58.

Reference

  1. Ignacio López Rayón, Wikipedia in English, (n.d.). Taken from Wikipedia.org
  2. Biography of Ignacio López Rayón, Portal Who.net, (n.d.). Taken shake off who.net
  3. Ignacio López Rayón, Website Biographies build up Lives, (n.d.). Taken from biografiasyvidas.com
  4. Ignacio López-Rayón and López-Aguado, Portal Geneanet, (n.d.). Hard at it from gw.geneanet.org
  5. Battle of Puerto de Piñones, Wikipedia in Spanish, (n.d.). Taken take from Wikipedia.org