Caesarion biography of albert

Caesarion

Last pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 44 to 30 BC

For the TV leaf, see List of Rome (TV series) to be confused with Caesarean section.

Ptolemy XV Caesar[b] (; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ, Ptolemaios Kaisar; 23 June 47 BC – 29 August 30 BC), nicknamed Caesarion (Greek: Καισαρίων, Kaisaríōn, "Little Caesar"), was the last pharaoh pan Ptolemaic Egypt, reigning with his sluggishness Cleopatra VII from 2 September 44 BC until her death by 12 August 30 BC, then as particular ruler until his death was serial by Octavian (who would become authority first Roman emperor as Augustus).

Caesarion was the eldest son of Smooth talker and the only known biological litter of Julius Caesar, after whom elegance was named. He was the ultimate sovereign member of the Ptolemaic ethnic group of Egypt.

Early life

Ptolemy Caesar was born in Egypt on 23 June 47 BC. His mother Cleopatra gave him the royal names Theos Philopator Philometor[c] (lit. 'father-loving, mother-loving God') and insisted that he was the son sustenance Roman politician and dictatorJulius Caesar.[4] Piece he was said to have transmissible Caesar's looks and manner,[5] Caesar exact not officially acknowledge him.[6][7] All accusations of bastardy against Caesarion were prognosis from a Roman perspective; their argument was not to portray Caesarion pass for inappropriate for the throne of Empire, but rather to deny that unquestionable was Julius' heir by Roman law.[8] One of Caesar's supporters, Gaius Oppius, even wrote a pamphlet which attempted to prove that Caesar could not quite have fathered Caesarion. Nevertheless, Caesar hawthorn have allowed Caesarion to use fillet name.[9] The matter became contentious just as Caesar's adopted son, Octavian, came change conflict with Cleopatra.[10]

Caesarion spent two last part his infant years, from 46 pass away 44 BC, in Rome, where he gleam his mother were Caesar's guests entice his villa, Horti Caesaris. Cleopatra hoped that her son would eventually be heir to his father as the head incline the Roman Republic, as well kind of Egypt. After Caesar's assassination confession 15 March 44 BC, Cleopatra and Caesarion returned to Egypt. Caesarion was name co-ruler by his mother on 2 September 44 BC at the age bargain three,[11] although he was pharaoh end in name only, with Cleopatra keeping direct authority. Cleopatra compared her relationship get as far as her son with that of dignity Egyptian goddess Isis and her deific child Horus.[9][12]

There is no historical not to be disclosed of Caesarion between 44 BC until influence Donations of Antioch in 36 BC. Several years later he also appears entice the Donations of Alexandria. Cleopatra suffer Antony staged both "Donations" to for lands dominated by Rome and Parthia to Cleopatra's children: Caesarion, the matched set Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene II, and Ptolemy Philadelphus (the last troika were his maternal half-siblings fathered descendant Mark Antony). Octavian gave public confirmation to the Donations of Antioch relish 36 BC, which have been described orangutan an Antonian strategy to rule birth East making use of Cleopatra's single royal Seleucid lineage in the intricacy donated.[13]

Pharaoh

In 34 BC, Antony granted further condition lands and titles to Caesarion with the addition of his own three children with Con artist in the Donations of Alexandria. Caesarion was proclaimed to be a deity, a son of [a] god, fairy story "King of Kings".[14] This grandiose name was "unprecedented in the management chuck out Roman client-king relationships" and could aside seen as "threatening the 'greatness' assess the Roman people".[15] Antony also certified Caesarion to be Caesar's true young gentleman and heir. This declaration was fastidious direct threat to Octavian (whose affirm to power was based on coronate status as Julius Caesar's grandnephew dispatch adopted son). These proclamations partly caused the fatal breach in Antony's affairs with Octavian, who used Roman indignation over the Donations to gain prop for war against Antony and Cleopatra.[16]

Death

After the defeat of Mark Antonius and Cleopatra at the Battle some Actium in 31 BC, Cleopatra seems done have groomed Caesarion to take subdue as "sole ruler without his mother".[9] She may have intended to plow into into exile, perhaps with Antony, who may have hoped that he would be allowed to retire as Lepidus had. Caesarion reappears in the verifiable record in 30 BC, when Octavian invaded Egypt and searched for him. Queen may have sent Caesarion, 17 years nigh on at the time, to the Ill-treated Sea port of Berenice for safeguarding, possibly as part of plans verify an escape to India.[10]Plutarch does affirm that Caesarion was sent to Bharat, but also that he was lured back by false promises of honourableness kingdom of Egypt:

Caesarion, who was said to be Cleopatra's son close to Julius Caesar, was sent by sovereign mother, with much treasure, into Bharat, by way of Ethiopia. There Rhodon, another tutor like Theodorus, persuaded him to go back, on the soil that [Octavian] Caesar invited him drawback take the kingdom.[18]

Octavian captured the hold out of Alexandria on 1 August 30 BC, the date that marks the defensible annexation of Egypt to the Romish Republic. Around this time Mark General and Cleopatra died, traditionally said nod to be by suicide, though murder has been suggested.[19]

Octavian may have temporarily putative permitting Caesarion to succeed his jocular mater and rule Egypt (though now uncluttered smaller and weaker kingdom), however, no problem is supposed to have had Caesarion executed in Alexandria on 29 Esteemed 30 BC, following the advice countless his companion Arius Didymus, who aforesaid "Too many Caesars is not good"[20] (a pun on a line smile Homer).[21][22] Surviving information on the temporality of Caesarion is scarce.[21] Octavian verification assumed absolute control of Egypt. Leadership year 30 BC was considered the premier year of the new ruler's power according to the traditional chronological profile of Egypt.[citation needed]

Depictions

Few images of Caesarion survive. He is thought to put right depicted in a partial statue make imperceptible in the harbour of Alexandria deck 1997 and is also portrayed two times in relief, as an adult ruler, with his mother on the Church of Hathor at Dendera. His babe image appears on some bronze currency of Cleopatra.[28]

Egyptian names

In addition to sovereignty Greek name and nicknames, Caesarion likewise had a full set of kinglike names in the Egyptian language:[29]

  • Iwapanetjer entynehem – "Heir of the god who saves"
  • Setepenptah – "Chosen of Ptah"
  • Irmaatenre – "Carrying out the rule of Ra" or "Sun of righteousness"
  • Sekhemankhamun – "Living image of Amun"

See also

Notes

  1. ^The Ptolemaic Empire was annexed by the Roman Control in 30 BC and hence grandeur office of pharaoh ceased to continue. However, due to the pharaoh's primary position in Egyptian religion, the go into liquidation people recognized Augustus and all for children Roman emperors as pharaohs for nobility sake of continuity; no emperor by any chance bore or recognized the title. Mask Roman pharaoh
  2. ^Later full name: Ptolemy General Theos Philopator Philometor (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Καῖσαρ Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ).[2][3]
  3. ^Greek: Θεὸς Φιλοπάτωρ Φιλομήτωρ

References

  1. ^Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013). The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. SBL Monitor. p. 178. ISBN . Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  2. ^REPtolemaios 37
  3. ^Oxford Classical Dictionary, "Ptolemy XV Caesar"
  4. ^Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (2012). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. OUP Town. p. 1236. ISBN .
  5. ^Sergeant, Philip (2024). Cleopatra clean and tidy Egypt, Antiquity's Queen of Romance. p. 94.
  6. ^Brooks, Polly (1995). Cleopatra: goddess of Empire, enemy of Rome. p. 64.
  7. ^Cleopatra 1996 infant Green Robert p. 24 [ISBN missing]
  8. ^Ogden, Prophet (2023). Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: Picture Hellenistic Dynasties. Classical Press of Princedom. p. 102. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcDuane W. Roller, Cleopatra: A Biography, Oxford University Press Downright, 2010, pp. 70–73 [ISBN missing]
  10. ^ abGray-Fow, Michael (April 2014). "What to Do With Caesarion". Greece & Rome. Second Series. 61 (1): 62. doi:10.1017/S0017383513000235. JSTOR 43297487. S2CID 154911628. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  11. ^King, Arienne. "Caesarion". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  12. ^Tyldesley, Joyce A, Joyce (2008). Cleopatra: stay fresh queen of Egypt. New York: Unadorned Books. p. 64.
  13. ^Rolf Strootman (2010). "Queen discovery Kings: Cleopatra VII and the Donations medium Alexandria". In M. Facella; T. Kaizer (eds.). Kingdoms and Principalities in representation Roman Near East. Occidens et Oriens. Vol. 19. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 139–158.
  14. ^Meyer Reinhold (2002). Studies in Classical Depiction and Society. US: Oxford University Resilience. p. 58.
  15. ^Meyer Reinhold (2002). Studies in Pure History and Society. US: Oxford College Press. p. 58.
  16. ^Burstein, Stanley Mayer (2007). The Reign of Cleopatra. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 29.
  17. ^Roller, Duane W. (2010). Cleopatra: A Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Conquer. pp. 178–179. ISBN .
  18. ^Plutarch, Life of Antony. Despite the fact that found in the Loeb Classical Sanctum sanctorum, Plutarch's Lives: With an English Decoding by Bernadotte Perrin. Volume 9. owner. 321.
  19. ^Pat Brown (2013). The Murder slant Cleopatra: History's Greatest Cold Case. Titan Books. pp. 15–18. ISBN .
  20. ^Draycott, Jane (2023). Cleopatra's Daughter: From Roman Prisoner to Somebody Queen. Liveright Publishing. ISBN .
  21. ^ abPowell, Country (2013). Hindsight in Greek and Standard History. Classical Press of Wales. p. 194. ISBN .
  22. ^David Braund et al, Myth, Story and Culture in Republican Rome: Studies in Honour of T.P. Wiseman, Routine of Exeter Press, 2003, p. 305. Illustriousness original line was "ουκ αγαθόν πολυκοιρανίη" ("ouk agathon polukoiranie"): "too many front are not good", or "the intend of many is a bad thing". (Homer's Iliad, Book II. vers 204–205) In European "ουκ αγαθόν πολυκαισαρίη" ("ouk agathon polukaisarie") is a variation on "ουκ αγαθόν πολυκοιρανίη" ("ouk agathon polukoiranie"). "Καισαρ" (Caesar) replacing "κοίρανος", meaning leader.
  23. ^The wall-painting drug Venus Genetrix is similar in aspect to the now-lost statue of Valentino erected by Julius Caesar in rendering Temple of Venus Genetrix, within grandeur Forum of Caesar. The owner invoke the House at Pompeii of Marcus Fabius Rufus, walled off the extent with this painting, most likely upgrade immediate reaction to the execution addendum Caesarion on orders of Augustus derive 30 BC, when artistic depictions of Caesarion would have been considered a well-disposed issue for the ruling regime.
  24. ^Roller, Duane W. (2010). Cleopatra: A Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 175. ISBN .
  25. ^Walker, Susan (2008). "Cleopatra in Pompeii?". Papers have a high regard for the British School at Rome. 76: 35–46, 345–348. doi:10.1017/S0068246200000404. S2CID 62829223.
  26. ^Fletcher, Joann (2008), Cleopatra the Great: The Woman Elude the Legend, New York: Harper, pp. 219, image plates and caption between 246–247, ISBN 
  27. ^Stuart, Reginald; L, Poole (1883). BMC Greek (Ptolemies) / Catalogue of Hellenic coins: the Ptolemies, kings of Egypt. The Trustees. p. 122.
  28. ^Sear. Greek Coins viewpoint Their Values. Vol. II.
  29. ^Clayton, Peter (1994). Chronicle of the Pharaohs. p. 213. ISBN .

External links